This is Basic Q&A in Oil & Gas industry Series ( Detail overview on H2S ) Part four if you read the previous three posts you will get the idea of how this Post will help you. in this Forth Posts, you will get how to protect yourself and others from H2S and what precautions be taken to remain safe from this hazardous Gas.
Q.How you do resuscitation if breathing has stopped?
Answer:
1. Remove false teeth and chewing gum.
2. Immediately give artificial respiration start by mouth to mouth and send for the resuscitator.
3. Continue artificial respiration without interruption until normal breathing is restored.
4. As soon as the patient starts to breathe regularly administer oxygen at a reduced rate as recommended for the instrument in use.
5. Keep the patient warm (not hot) and quiet. Lying flat is usually the best position.
6. The person must then be medicated without delay.
It is difficult for an unconscious person to take a deep breath so regulated air should be given as he will not be able to start up the demand valve.
Q.What is the function of H2S corrosion inhibitor?
Answer: Corrosion inhibitors are used in the drilling fluid system to provide a protective film on drill stem members, casing, and surface equipment. This film provides protection against pitting which could contribute to sulfide stress cracking.
Q. What is an H2S scavenger or Neutralizer?
Answer. Scavengers are chemicals that are used in the drilling fluid system to reduce the amount of hydrogen sulphide. They react chemically with H2S to form products relatively harmless to life and relatively non-corrosive. E.g. Scvanger - Zinc Carbonate; Neutralizer - Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) (Caustic soda)
Q. What is meant by Sulfide Stress Cracking?
Answer. Hydrogen is released by the reaction of H2S and iron. The hydrogen being released may go into the steel as well as outward. When hydrogen gets into the steel, it may become entrapped in microvoids caused by stress or crystal defects. It then collects in these and builds pressures until the total of the pressure from the entrapped hydrogen and the applied load exceeds the yield strength of the steel, at which time the steel will either deform, if ductile, or fracture, if high strength. It is called sulfide stress cracking. H2S+Fe+H2O = FeS (Iron Sulphide) + 2H (Free Hydrogen) + H2O.
Q. What is the major selection criteria for any metal to be used in H2S environment?
Answer. Rc22 and steel having yield strength up to 95,000psi are generally resistant to sulphide stress cracking.
Q.What is meant by H2S trimmed BOP?
Answer. BOP that has all its components redressed well for H2S service especially the rubber elements.
Q. Prior to a DST (Drill Stem Testing) list where breathing airlines should be positioned on a jack-up rig and state why?
Answer. Near Choke manifold - where samples are collected/possible leaks
(2) Near Separator - personnel working/sample is collected/leaks
(3) Rig floor, working deck and platform - the possible release of gas while changing out wire-line tools
(4) Mud Pit Room - during reverse circulation contaminated mud/brine could reach the pits
(5) Mud Pump Rooms - Pumps will be used for reverse circulation and/or pumping mud/brine.
(6) Sensitive areas on the lower decks
Q) what is RER?
Ans) Rupture Exposure Radius
Q)what are different RER values taken into consideration?
Ans) most commonly taken values are 0ppm radius 10 ppm radius 30 ppm radius and 100 ppm radius
RERs normally calculated by the production or Reservoir Department. They have their variable values depending on the Formation pressure, H2S Concentration and max flow rate.
Please comment in Comment Box if it helps you to gain information about H2S or you think further details information should be added.
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Thanks for sharing Arsalan. It is a good read.
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